MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have proven to be an extremely important part of the gene expression regulation mechanism. Expression profiling and functional studies indicate that miRNAs participate in the regulation of almost every cellular process investigated and that changes in their expression have a profound effect on their gene targeting activities. While the role of miRNAs in cell development and tumorigenesis was recognized early on, the importance of these small RNAs on immune system development and function has only been touched on recently. Initial studies have indicated that miRNAs have a role in the regulation of immune response and inflammation. Although inflammation protects against pathogenic stimuli and promotes healing, it may actually cause more damage than the activating event if not strictly controlled by essential, internal negative regulators. Out of control immune response causes various forms of chronic inflammatory diseases. [click to continue…]
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